Kafan

Munshi Premchand (1880–1936), born as Dhanpat Rai Srivastav, was a prominent Indian writer, known as ""Upanyas Samrat"" (Emperor of Novels) in Hindi literature. Born on July 31, 1880, in Lamhi village near Varanasi, he made significant contributions to early 20th-century literature. He adopted the pen name Nawab Rai initially, later changing it to Munshi Premchand. As a versatile writer, he authored approximately a dozen novels, 250 short stories, essays, and translations, impacting both Hindi and Urdu literature. Premchand's early life was marked by hardships, and he found solace in books after the death of his mother. His literary journey began in Urdu, and he later transitioned to Hindi. Premchand faced personal challenges, including the death of his first wife and subsequent remarriage to a young widow named Shivarani Devi. He became a father of two sons—Shripat Rai and Amrit Rai. Despite social opposition, he continued to write about societal issues, particularly highlighting the plight of women. His career included government jobs, teaching positions, and eventually a move to focus on literary pursuits in Varanasi. Premchand's notable works include novels like ""Seva Sadan,"" ""Nirmala,"" ""Gaban,"" and the celebrated ""Godan."" His stories, often reflecting social realism, resonated with common people due to their simple yet engaging style. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's principles, Premchand resigned from his government job during the non-cooperation movement. His later life involved financial difficulties, an unsuccessful stint in the Hindi film industry, and health issues. He served as the first President of the Progressive Writers' Association in Lucknow in 1936. Premchand's writing style combined proverbs and idioms, reflecting the language of the common man. He remained rooted in the village setting and addressed social issues with a keen understanding of rural life. His stories and novels continue to be revered for their timeless relevance. Premchand passed away on October 8, 1936, leaving behind a rich literary legacy that includes classics such as ""Idgah,"" ""Bade Bhai Sahab,"" ""Kafan,"" and the unfinished novel ""Mangalsootra."" His impact on Hindi literature remains unparalleled, and his works continue to be celebrated and studied.